consideration

Consideration is the legal concept of value in connection with contracts. It is anything of value in the common sense, promised to another when making a contract. It can take the form of money, physical objects, services, promised actions, or even abstinence from a future action. If either promisee already had a legal obligation to render such payment, it cannot be seen as consideration in the legal sense.

In common law consideration it is a prerequisite that both parties offer some consideration before a contract can be thought of as binding.

However, even if a court decides there is no contract, there might be a possible recovery under Quantum meruit (sometimes referred to as a Quasi-contract) or promissory estoppel.

Contents 1 Basic examples of consideration 2 Value of consideration 2.1 Nominal consideration 3 Existing legal duties 4 Bundled terms 5 Past consideration 6 Option contracts and conditional consideration 7 Treatments by different nations 8 References

Basic examples of consideration

If A signs a contract to buy a car from B for $5,000, A's consideration is the $5,000, and B's consideration is the car.

Additionally, if A signs a contract with B such that A will paint B's house for $500, A's consideration is the service of painting B's house, and B's consideration is $500 paid to A.

Further, if A signs a contract with B such that A will not repaint his own house in any other color than white, and B will pay A $500 per year to keep this deal up, there is also consideration. Although A did not promise to affirmatively do anything, A did promise not to do something that he was allowed to do, and A therefore did pass consideration. A's consideration to B is the forbearance in painting his own house in a color other than white, and B's consideration to A is $500 per year.

Conversely, if A signs a contract to buy a car from B for $0, B's consideration is still the car, but A is giving no consideration, and so there is no valid contract.

There are a number of common issues as to whether consideration exists in a contract.

Value of consideration

Generally, courts do not inquire whether the deal between two parties was monetarily fair - merely that each party passed some legal obligation or duty to the other party. The court is more concerned about the presence of consideration rather than the adequacy of the consideration.

The values between consideration passed by each party to a contract need not be comparable. For instance, if A offers B $200 to buy B's mansion, luxury sports car, and private jet, there is still consideration on both sides. A's consideration is $200, and B's consideration is the mansion, car, and jet. Courts in the United States generally leave parties to their own contracts, and do not intervene when parties knowingly make bad deals.

Nominal consideration

Although courts in the United States tend not to look at the value of consideration, there is one exception.

The old English rule of consideration questioned whether a party gave the value of a peppercorn to the other party. As a result, contracts in the United States have sometimes have had one party pass nominal amounts of consideration, typically citing $1. Some courts have since thought this was a sham. Since contract disputes are typically resolved in state court, some state courts have found that providing $1 to another is not a sufficiently legal duty, and therefore no legal consideration passes in these kinds of deals, and subsequently, no contract is formed.

Still today, licensing contracts that do not involve any money at all will often cite as consideration, "for the sum of $1 and other good and valuable consideration". If analyzed under state law, these contracts may very well be found invalid.

Existing legal duties

A party which already has a legal duty to provide money, an object, a service, or a forbearance, does not provide consideration when promising merely to uphold that duty.

The prime example of this sub-issue is where an uncle gives his 17 year old nephew (a resident of the USA) the following offer: "if you do not smoke cigarettes or marijuana until your 18th birthday, then I will pay you $500" (it is a criminal offense in the US for people under the age of 18 to smoke). On the nephew's 18th birthday, he tells the uncle to pay up, and the uncle says no. In the subsequent lawsuit, the uncle will win, because the nephew, by U.S. law, already had a duty to refrain from smoking cigarettes.

The same applies if the consideration is a performance for which the parties had previously contracted. For example, A agrees to paint B's house for $500, but halfway through the job tells B that he will not finish unless B increases the payment to $750. If B agrees, and A then finishes the job, B still only needs to pay A the $500 originally agreed to, because A was already contractually obligated to paint the house for that amount. Bundled terms

Contracts where a legally valueless term is bundled with a term that does have legal value are still generally enforceable.

Consider the uncle's situation above. If the same uncle had instead told his 17 year old nephew the following offer: "if you do not smoke cigarettes and do not engage females before your 18th birthday, then I will pay you $500". On the nephew's 18th birthday, he asks the uncle to pay up, and this time, in the subsequent lawsuit, the nephew will win. Although the promise of not smoking was not valuable consideration (it was already legally prohibited), virtually all states allow some sort of engagement by minors. Even though the engagement by minors is legally restricted, there are circumstances where it is legal, and thus the promise to forbear from it entirely has legal value.

Past consideration

Generally, past consideration has no legal value. Past consideration therefore cannot be used as a basis to form a new contract.

Suppose A is driving in his car on a sunny Sunday afternoon, and he sees smoke coming from a vehicle on the side of the road ahead. A pulls over, sees B injured in the vehicle, and pulls B out of the car to safety. B makes a full recovery, and the next day, says to A, "because you saved me, I will pay you $5,000 per year until you die." 5 years later, B dies of cancer and even though B paid A $5,000 each of those years, the executor of B's estate refuses to pay A any more money. In the subsequent lawsuit, A will lose, because no contract existed. At the time that B took up this $5,000 per year obligation, A did not offer any consideration. Applying the "value of consideration" rule, A might actually win if A had merely replied, "I will only accept, if you require that I do not walk backwards on Tuesdays between 4:00pm and 4:10pm EST while holding a red pen". Even though A's consideration has little monetary value to pretty much anyone, it does have legal value, as it is a promise of forb Option contracts and conditional consideration

Generally, conditional consideration is valid consideration.

Consider the following situation. A is a movie script writer. B runs a movie production company. A says to B, "buy my script." Instead, B says "How about this -- I will pay you $5,000 so that you do not let anyone else produce your movie until one year from now. If I do produce your movie in that year, then I will give you another $50,000, and no one else can produce it. If I do not produce your movie in that year, then you're free to go." If the two subsequently get into a dispute, the issue of whether a contract exists is answered. B had an option contract -- he could decide to produce the script, or not. B's consideration passed was the $5,000 down, and the possibility of $50,000. A's consideration passed was the exclusive rights to the movie script for at least one year.

contract..express term..

A contractual term is "Any provision forming part of a contract"^[1] Each term gives rise to a contractual obligation, breach of which can give rise to litigation. Not all terms are stated expressly and some terms carry less legal gravity as they are peripheral to the objectives of the contract.

Classification of term

• Condition or Warranty^[2]. Conditions are terms that go to the very root of a contract. Breach of these terms repudiates the contract, allowing the other party to discharge the contract. A warranty is less imperative than a conditionso, so the contract will survive a breach. Breach of either a condition or a warranty will give rise to damages.

It is an objective matter of fact whether a term goes to the root of a contract. By way of illustration, an actress's obligation to perform the opening night of a theatrical production is a condition,^[3] whereas a singer's obligation to perform during the first three days of rehearsal is a warranty^[4].

Statute may also declare a term or nature of term to be a condition or warranty. For example, the Sale of Goods Act 1979 s15A^[5] provides that terms as to title, description, quality, and sample (as described in the Act) are conditions save in certain defined circumstances.

• Innominate term. Lord Diplock, in Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd^[6], created the concept of an innominate term, breach of which may or not go to the root of the contract depending upon the nature of the breach. Breach of these terms, as with all terms, will give rise to damages. Whether or not it repudiates the contract depends upon whether legal benefit of the contract has been removed from the innocent party. Megaw LJ, in 1970, preferred the use of the classic categorising into condition or warranty due to legal certainty.^[7] This was interpreted by the House of Lords as merely restricting its application in Reardon Smith Line Ltd. v Hansen-TangeStatus as a term

Status as a term is important as a party can only take legal action for the non fulfillment of a term as opposed to representations or mere puffs. Legally speaking, only statements that amount to a term create contractual obligations. Statements can be split into the following types:

• Puff (sales talk): If no reasonable person hearing this statement would take it seriously, it is a puff, and no action in contract is available if the statement proves to be wrong. It may also be referred to as "puffery". This is common in television commercials.
• Representation: A representation is a statement of fact which does not amount to a term of the contract but it is one that the maker of the statement does not guarantee its truth. This gives rise to no contractual obligation but may amount to a tort, for example misrepresentation.
• Term: A term is similar to a representation, but the truth of the statement is guaranteed by the person who made the statement therefore giving rise to a contractual obligation. For the purposes of Breach of Contract a term may further be categorized as a condition, warranty or innominate term.

There are various factor that a court may take into account in determining the nature of a statement. These include:

• Timing: If the contract was concluded soon after the statement was made, this is a strong indication that the statement induced the person to enter into the contract. Lapse of a week within the negotiations of a car sale was held to amount only to a representation in Routledge v McKay^[9]
• Content of statement: It is necessary to consider what was said in the given context, which has nothing to do with the importance of a statement.
• Knowledge and expertise: In Oscar Chess Ltd v. Williams,^[10] a person selling a car to a second-hand car dealer stated that it was a 1948 Morris, when in fact it was a 1939 model car. It was held that the statement did not become a term because a reasonable person in the position of the car dealer would not have thought that an inexperienced person would have guaranteed the truth of the statement.
• Reduction into Writing: Where the contract is consolidated into writing, previous spoken terms, omitted from the consolidation, will probably be relegated to representations.^[11] The old case of Birch v Paramount Estates Ltd.^[12] provided that a very important spoken term may persist even if omitted from the written consolidation; this case concerned the quality of a residential house.

The parol evidence rule limits what things can be taken into account when trying to interpret a contract. This rule has practically ceased operation under UK law, but remains functional in Australian Law.

Implied terms

See also: Implied terms in English law

A Term may either be expressed or implied. An Express term is stated by the parties during negotiation or written in a contractual document. Implied terms are not stated but nevertheless form a provision of the contract.

Terms implied in fact

The Privy Council established a five stage test in BP Refinery Western Port v. Shire of Hastings^[13]:

1. Reasonableness and equitableness: The implied term must be reasonable and equitable.
2. Business efficacy: The implied term must be necessary for the business efficacy of the contract. For instance, if the term simply causes the contract to operate better, that does not fit this criterion. This is the principle laid out in The Moorcock^[14]. The presiding judge created a quaint concept of an officious bystander; if the officious bystander were to propose a term and both the parties would be likely to reply with a testy "oh, of course", the term is implied.
3. Obviousness: The term is so obvious that it goes without saying. Furthermore, there must be one and only one thing that would be implied by the parties. For example, in Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v. State Rail Authority of New South Wales,^[15] a term regarding the inability of construction company to work three shifts a day could not be implied because it was unclear what form it would have taken. In English Law, This principle was established in the case of Spring v. NASDS^[16], in the context of a Trade Union membership contract.
4. Clear expression: The term must be capable of clear expression. No specific technical knowledge should be required.
5. Consistency: The implied term may not contradict an express term.

In Australia, the High Court has ruled that the test in BP Refinery applies only to formal contracts, while the test in Byrne and Frew v. Australian Airlines Ltd^[17] shall apply to informal contracts:

• Necessity: The term must be necessary to ensure reasonable or effective operation of a contract of the nature before the court.
• Consistency: The implied term may not contradict an express term (same as for formal contracts).
• Clear expression: The term must be capable of clear expression (same as for formal contracts).
• Obvious: McHugh and Gummow JJ have stated that it must also be obvious.

Terms implied in law

These are terms that have been implied into standardised relationships.

Common law.

• Liverpool City Council v. Irwin^[18] established a term to be implied into all contracts between tenant and landlord that the landlord is obliged to keep the common areas in a reasonable state of repair.
• Wong Mee Wan v Kwan Kin Travel Services Ltd.^[19] established that when a tour operator contracts to for the sale of goods. The most important legislation under United Kingdom law is the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000 and the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 which imply terms into all contracts whereby goods are sold or services provided.

These terms will be implied into all contracts of the same nature as a matter of law.

Statutory.

The rules by which many contracts are governed are provided in specialized statutes that deal with particular subjects. Most countries, for example, have statutes which deal directly with sale of goods, lease transactions, and trade practices. For example, each American state except Louisiana has adopted Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code, which regulates contracts for the sale of goods.^[20] The most important legislation implying terms under United Kingdom law are the Sale of Goods Act 1979, the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000 and the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 which imply terms into all contracts whereby goods are sold or services provided.

Terms implied by custom or trade

One is generally bound by the custom of the industry that one is in. To imply a term due to custom or trade, one must prove the existence of the custom, which must be notorious, certain, legal and reasonable^[21][22]

Course of dealing

If two parties have regularly conduct business on certain terms, the terms may be assumed to be same for each contract made, if not expressly agreed to the contrary. The parties must have dealt on numerous occasions and been aware of the term purported to be implied. In Hollier v Rambler Motors Ltd.^[23] four occasions over five years was held to be sufficient. In British Crane Hire Corp. Ltd. v Ipswitch Plant Hire Ltd.^[24] written terms were held to have been implied into an oral in which there was no mention of written terms.

Good faith

Good faith

It is common for lengthy negotiations to be written into a heads of agreement document that includes a clause to the effect that the rest of the agreement is to be negotiated. Although these cases may appear to fall into the category of agreement to agree, Australian courts will imply an obligation to negotiate in good faith provided that certain conditions are satisfied^[25]

• Negotiations were well-advanced and the large proportion of terms have been worked out; and
• There exists some mechanism to resolve disputes if the negotiations broke down.

The test of whether one has acted in good faith is a subjective one; the cases suggest honesty, and possibly also reasonably. There is no such implied term under UK common law: an attempt was made by Lord Denning in a series of case during the 70s and 80s but they are no longer considered 'good law'. European legislation imposes this duty, but only in certain circumstances.

The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999^[26] reg 8 renders ineffective any 'unfair' contractual term if made between a seller or supplier and a consumer.^[27] Regulation 5 of the statutory instrument further elaborates upon the concept of 'unfair', which is rather novel to English law. 'Unfair' is a term that was not individually negotiated (i.e. standard form) that "causes a significant imbalance in the parties' rights and obligations arising under the contract to the detriment of the consumer"^[28]. This is not possible if the term is not contrary to 'good faith'; such as in Director General of Fair Trading v First National Bank^[29], wherein the lack of a seemingly unfair interest term would leave the bank open to a very poor deal whereby no interest could be charged.

[edit] "Subject to" contracts

If a contract specifies "subject to contract", it may fall into one of three categories:^[30]

1. The parties are immediately bound to the bargain, but they intend to restate the deal in a formalised contract that will not have a different effect; or
2. The parties have completely agreed to the terms, but have made the execution of some terms in the contract conditional on the creation of a formalised contract; or
3. It is merely an agreement to agree, and the deal will not be concluded until the formalised contract has been drawn up.

If a contract specifies "subject to finance", it imposes obligations on the purchaser:^[31]

• The purchaser must seek finance; and
• When offers of finance arrive, the purchaser must make a decision as to whether the offers of finance are suitable.

This may also refer to contingent conditions, which come under two categories: condition precedent and condition subsequent. Conditions precedent are conditions that have to be complied with before performance of a contract With conditions subsequent, parties have to perform until the condition is not met. Failure of a condition repudiates the contract this is not to necessarily discharge it. Repudiation will always gives rise to an action for damages.

care2 mendapat jodoh

Tentu seronok bila difikirkan… seorang lelaki bujang atau duda kalau boleh mahukan isteri yang ‘ideal’ pada pendapat mereka walaupun mereka sendiri pun jauh dari bersifat sebagai lelaki ‘ideal’. Begitu jugalah bagi seorang dara atau janda, juga mahukan lelaki ‘ideal’. Secara asasnya ia adalah satu kemahuan yang baik. Adalah lebih baik memilih pasangan yang bagus budipekertinya, bukan sebaliknya. Namun, pernahkah kita berfikir bahawa untuk mendapatkan jodoh yang baik, budi pekerti atau tatasusila kita sendiri perlu bagus terlebih dahulu?

1. Semua orang ada jodoh atau pasangan yang menanti dan biasanya ia berada tidak jauh dari anda. Jarang orang bertemu dengan jodoh yang berada jauh darinya.

2. Jodoh itu ketentuan Allah dan kita wajib berusaha. Doa, usaha yang betul dan bersungguh-sungguh disertai dengan tawakkal, insyallah akan menemukan anda dengan pasangan anda.

3. Ramai orang masih belum bertemu jodoh kerana mudah patah semangat. Teruskan usaha sehingga anda bertemu jodoh.

4. Seimbangkan hidup anda dengan sempurna agar diri anda jadi seperti “magnet” yang menarik bakal pasangan anda kepada anda.

5. Daya tarikan yang sebenar berpusat di hati yang murni. Berusahalah untuk mencuci hati anda daripada semua perasaan yang negatif terhadap semua orang di dunia ini.

6. Agar mudah orang sayang, cuci hati dengan jaga ibadah, solat taubat, beristighfar, baca Al-Quran, maafkan orang lain, meminta maaf, bersedekah dan berfikiran positif.

7. Sayangi semua orang di sekitar anda dan anda akan menarik sayang terhadap anda. Jika anda membenci orang, ditakuti bakal pasangan anda akan membenci anda.

8. Orang yang sedang mencari pasangan harus sentiasa bersedia untuk bertemu dengan pasangannya pada bila-bila masa. Justeru, kita perlu sentiasa dalam keadaan yang paling menarik setiap masa. Tanggapan pertama adalah yang terpenting.

9. Untuk lelaki, tarikan pertama ialah pakaiannya. Untuk perempuan, wajah dan bentuk badan menjadi tarikan pertama. Sediakan diri untuk menawan bakal pasangan anda.

10. Buka hati dan minda anda untuk menerima cinta. Cinta boleh berputik pada bila-bila masa. Cinta mudah datang kepada mereka yang sentiasa bersedia untuk menerima cinta.

11. Cinta datang melalui mata lalu turun ke hati. Justeru, perhebatkan hubungan mata secara memandang bakal pasangan dengan penuh kasih sayang.

12. Kita boleh berkomunikasi melalui fikiran. Hantarlah kasih sayang dan hasrat murni anda terhadap pasangan dengan gelombang fikiran ini secara berterusan hingga berjaya.

13. Ramai yang terlepas peluang dan patah hati sebab lewat menyatakan hasrat kepada bakal pasangan. Perkara yang baik disegerakan (iaitu menyatakan perasaan anda kepada bakal pasangan).

14. Tidak salah untuk orang perempuan memulakan usaha untuk berkenalan. Orang lelaki akan sentiasa merasakan mereka yang memulakan perkenalan walaupun sebenarnya orang perempuan yang mulakan.

15. Berkomunikasi dengan mesra dan bersemangat menggunakan lidah, mata, hati dan bahasa badan. Elakkan bercakap sambil lewa atau kurang sopan terhadap bakal pasangan.

16. Berbual dengan pasangan mengenai apa yang dia suka. Beri tumpuan kepada minat dan perasaannya. Elakkan sibuk memberi tumpuan kepada diri sendiri.

17. Layan bakal pasangan dengan mesra seperti kawan lama walaupun baru berkenalan. Bentuk suasana keintiman dengan segera agar bakal pasangan rasa selesa.

18. Makin mudah kita menceritakan hal peribadi yang munasabah kepada bakal pasangan, semakin mudah dia menceritakan hal dirinya kepada kita.

19. Berdoa dan latih diri agar kita pandai mendampingi orang lain dan seronok untuk didampingi oleh orang lain. Buang perangai yang menyebabkan orang benci kepada kita.

20. Beri sayang untuk mendapat sayang. Orang yang masih ada perasaan benci terhadap sebarang orang boleh menyebabkan bakal pasangan benci atau tidak tertarik kepada kita. Justeru buang semua benci.

21. Untuk wanita, jangan jual mahal terhadap bakal pasangan. Tetapi, nyatakan dengan hikmah kepadanya yang anda amat sukar untuk berkenalan dengan lelaki lain.

22. Kebanyakan lelaki mudah tertarik kepada perempuan yang simple, tidak materialistik, mudah berterima kasih dan redha dengan setiap pemberian lelaki tersebut.

23. Orang perempuan mudah tertarik kepada lelaki yang memberi perhatian, penghargaan dan penghormatan kepada mereka. Justeru, orang lelaki janganlah terlalu jimat atau kedekut.

24. Orang lelaki perlu belajar mengenal kerenah orang perempuan. perasaan, pemikiran, kehendak, keperluan, kesukaan dan kebenciannya.

25. Elakkan memberi tumpuan kepada kelemahan dan kesilapan kecil yang ada pada bakal pasangan. Jangan sesekali mengutuk atau memalukan bakal pasangan.

26. Senyuman ikhlas, wajah yang menawan dan bahasa badan yang penuh kemesraan akan menambat lelaki terhadap wanita.

27. Orang mudah tertawan kepada bakal pasangan yang ada persamaan dan ada perbezaan sifat, tindakan dan minat. Terlalu banyak persamaan membosankan. Banyak sangat perbezaan menyesakkan.

28. Orang mudah tertarik kepada bakal pasangan yang ada sikap dan sifat yang saling mengimbangi dan melengkapkan sikap dan sifatnya.

29. Walaupun belum kenal rapat dengan bakal pasangan, nyatakan yang anda sering merasa atau berfikir seperti yang dia rasa atau fikir. Keserasian adalah tarikan.

30. Perempuan membentuk hubungan dengan berbual dan bercakap. Lelaki bentuk hubungan dengan melakukan sesuatu kegiatan secara bersama.

31. Orang mudah tertawan kepada bakal pasangan yang mempunyai persamaan daripada berbagai segi seperti kefahaman politik, aktiviti keagamaan, sikap terhadap harta, wang dan hobi.

32. Dua orang yang amat banyak perbezaan boleh serasi antara satu sama lain jika mempunyai satu atau dua persamaan yang mendalam seperti suka kepada kucing, suka melancong atau suka ramai anak.

33. Tindakan yang serentak akan menarik bakal pasangan terhadap anda. Contohnya, serentak berpaling, serentak angkat gelas, serentak berdiri, serentak nak ke tandas.

34. Tawan hati bakal pasangan dengan pamerkan emosi yang sama terhadap sesuatu kejadian atau peristiwa – sama-sama gembira, sedih, terperanjat, benci, simpati dan sebagainya.

35. Dua insan mudah serasi jika mempunyai pentafsiran yang sama mengenai hubungan – tahap keakraban, kebebasan, kebergantungan, pemberian, pengorbanan dan sebagainya.

36. Kenalpasti ciri-ciri yang disukai oleh bakal pasangan anda. Bentuk ciri-ciri yang disukai oleh bakal pasangan anda. Bentuk ciri-ciri ini dalam diri anda dan pamerkan kepadanya yang anda mempunyai ciri-ciri tersebut.

37. Semua orang mencari cinta sejati tanpa syarat. Bakal pasangan anda akan tertarik kepada anda jika anda mengasihinya bukan kerana wajah, harta, keturunan atau glamornya.

38. Bakal pasangan akan tertawan kepada anda jika anda dapat bantu mengukuhkan imej dirinya, rangsang semangatnya dan pupuk keyakinan dirinya.

39. Keikhlasan amat penting dalam memuji atau memotivasi bakal pasangan. Jika kita didapati bohong, dia akan terus menjauhkan diri daripada kita.

40. Pujian yang berhikmah dan ikhlas bertindak sebagai magnet yang menarik anda kepada bakal pasangan. Pujian daripada kawan baru lebih bermakna dan berkesan berbanding pujian daripada kawan lama.

41. Ulang sebut perkataan, ayat atau slogan yang digemari bakal pasangan anda. Ini menyebabkan dia rasa istimewa dan dihargai dan akan tertawan kepada anda.

42. Kenalpasti keistimewaan bakal pasangan anda yang orang lain tidak nampak. Sampaikan kehebatan ini dengan bersemangat dan dia akan mudah tertawan kepada anda.

43. Untuk bakal pasangan yang popular dan sering dipuji , cari pujian yang original untuk menambat hatinya. Untuk orang yang tidak popular, sebarang pujian amat dialukan dan dihargai.

44. Beri penghargaan serta merta kepada setiap pencapaian atau kejayaan bakal pasangan. Ini membelai dan melembutkan hatinya terhadap anda.

45. Jika bakal pasangan memuji anda, pamerkan keseronokan anda dengan senyuman dan ucapan terima kasih dan bersyukur. Dia akan rasa dihargai.

46. Cari keunikan, kelucuan atau ‘kegilaan’ bakal pasangan anda. Nyatakan yang anda suka kepadanya sebab keunikan tersebut. Ini buat dia rasa istimewa.

47. Ramai pasangan sengsara bila isteri terlalu cantik atau suami terlalu handsome. Justeru, cari bakal pasangan yang setara dan sepadan dengan kita.

48. Orang yang merasa dirinya hodoh sukar untuk mendapat pasangan. Carilah kecantikan yang ada pada anda dan bentuk keyakinan diri. Hati yang suci dan keyakinan yang tinggi menyerlahkan kecantikan anda.

49. Wanita mudah tertawan kepada lelaki yang gentleman – bersopan santun, suka membantu, menghormati wanita, berani dan yakin diri.

50. Untuk jadi lebih menawan, berterusan belajar, perbaiki perangai dan peribadi, baiki kemahiran komunikasi, murnikan hati, pemaaf dan sentiasa bersangka baik.

51. Lelaki harus mempamerkan sifat kelelakiannya di samping memasukkan sifat perempuan dalam dirinya seperti lebih prihatin, memahami emosi , timbang rasa, dan gunakan gerak batin.

52. Perempuan harus mempamerkan sifat kewanitaan disamping menghayati sifat lelaki seperti minat dalam politik, sukan, memancing, dan aktiviti macho yang lain. Bertindak bijak tapi, jangan terlalu bijak.

53. Untuk menambat hati wanita, kerap bertanya tentang perasaannya, aktiviti yang dijalankannya, kegemarannya, kebenciannya atau sebarang perkara yang berkaitan dengan emosi.

54. Sebelum benar-benar rapat, orang perempuan harus elakkan diri dari bertanya bakal pasangan mengenai perasaannya mengenai sesuatu perkara, peristiwa atau situasi.

55. Orang lelaki amat pantang bila bakal pasangan menempelak atau menunjukkan kesilapan atau kebodohan lelaki tersebut. Ini cara terbaik memutuskan hubungan.

56. Orang perempuan mudah tertawan kepada lelaki yang boleh mengaku salah, meminta maaf, meminta bantuan, bertolak ansur, pandai mendengar, bersabar dan lemah lembut terhadap wanita.

57. Bila bercakap dengan lelaki, orang perempuan harus fokus kepada fakta dan sampaikan secara ringkas. Penjelasan yang berjela-jela dan memasukkan unsur perasaan akan membunuh minat lelaki terhadapnya.

58. Jika orang perempuan marah, pujuklah dengan kasih sayang. Tanya kenapa dia marah, dengari dengan teliti dan jangan komen atau cuba beri nasihat. Orang perempuan mudah sayang pada lelaki yang pandai mendengar dan sensitif kepada perasaannya.

59. Jika lelaki marah, jangan sibuk nak tanya kenapa dia marah. Pamerkan kasih sayang dan bentuk suasana yang tenang. Doakan dia dan beri masa untuk dia merawat dirinya sendiri.

60. Fahami bahawa orang lelaki bercakap secara terus terang, ringkas dan objektif. Orang perempuan sering bercakap secara berlapik, terperinci dan banyak yang tersirat.

~ Dato’ Dr. Hj. Mohd Fadzilah Kamsah

kesedaran..

salam..
lame sudah sy mngglkan alam blog ini..
hahahahahaha..igin sy berkgsi pglmn sy pg ke btn or biro tatanegara..
hmm..
klu nk diikutkan mmg la mlas sgt2 nk dgat 3talk dr pg smpi ke ptg tnpa henti..
igatkn ini rquirement y mrapu dr krajaan..
hahahahah..
akhrnya sy pon pg dgn keadaan terpaksa(Asthgfirullah)..
make stlh smpai d tmpt y dtuju,
km ber4 dtmpa mslah pule..
oleh krana kami mmkai sandal dan berstokin,..akhrnya 2 dr kami xdpt mndftr..
aoi..musibah..
stlh brtngkus lumus..
kami pon dpt myertai shbt2 len..
apbla msok shj,pcramah pon da bg ucapan aluan..
hahahahahah..(stdnt cmrlang la ktkan..)
pcramah y pertame mmberikan sy impak y besar dan pelbagai apbl bliau mule mgupas isu kdudukan kt sbg mlayu y tergugat..
apbl isu mei 1969 dkupas,brlah sy mydari betape indahnye pluang kami mjalani hdup dbumi mlysia ini dgn izin ALLAH..
pelbagai gmbar y dtnjukkan pd kami..
bliau dgn berseloroh mgtakan y bliau tlah mydiakan 100 slide..
hehehehehe..
tp y pling myntuh hati ialah perbuatan hindraf..
lhat sjlah tndakan mrka dgmbr atas..
ape sbnrnye y dprjuangkan oleh mrka???...
mrla kt same2 mgkaji phak y cube mganngu gugat keamanan kt..
beralih kpd penceramah len pula..
bliau membuke tirai dgn memberi gmbaran bhw bertuahnye kt hdup dmlysia ni..
smpai terjadinye gjale2 ni..
ni y terjadi kt mlysia..

oleh krane bbas sgt ini plak cnsquencenye...
buang bayi..
apela nk jadi..
byak btul isu2 y prlu kt tau..
tp ape affrd y cb kt lakukan sbg khalifah??
cukupkah dgn melihat??
menggeleng???
mengate??
ini amat2la sinonim dgn prbhasa mlayu tpuk dada tnye slera..
cb byangkan skrnye kt hdop dsini...
xsggup rsnye anak mlayu nk hdop dcn..
btol??
kt beralih plak pd isu penghinaan agma rsmi kt..
lhat sajelah ini sume..
jd apekah sumbangan kt sbnrnye sbgai seseorang y beragame ISLAM???
bggakah anda mgkut bdaye brat??
ape y anda bggakan??
knape stiap doa anda,anda hrapkan pemakbulan dr ALLAH???
tp dr anda sendr,sudah ckupkah mmnuhi permntaan ALLAH???
bgunlah rkan2 sume..
islam i2 adlh yt terbaekk...
gmbar2 ini hnye sdkt klu hndk dbndg penghinaan islam secare terbuke didalam blog2,..
MasyaAllah..
sdarlah kwan2..
ms pon sudah suntuk..
klu pd zman RASULULLAH dunia ni dh bgkok 3..
rsnye zaman ini bgmn keadaan dunia..
igatla hkwn2..sudah byak krosakan dan kemusnahan y dsaksikan dunia ini..
bl2 pon kiamat bleh menjelang..
smoga taubat kt dtrima..
improve la iman,ehsan n taqwa kt kpd ALLAh..
didalam hadis ade dsbut:
"worshipHIM asyou see HIM,if you dont see HIM, HE,s sees you".
ape y bek itu dtgnye dr ALLAH dan bruk i2 dtg dr dr sy sndr..
wallahualam..